![]() According to the theory of emotional contagion, another's state may be perceived through synchronization or mimicry. Through face-to-face interactions, humans and chimpanzees learn to recognize characteristics (such as emotional expressions and group membership) that signal safety, and to cooperate with those that seem trustworthy. The ability to recognize emotions is one of the most important factors involved in regulating social interactions in primates. Many daily social decisions are made through quick evaluations of others. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. All relevant data are within the paper.įunding: This work was supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (pE10084 and BR120105) and the Dobberke Foundation for Comparative Psychology Koningklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (UPS/BP/5215) awarded to MEK and JSPS Grants in Aid for Scientific Research to MT (#23220006) and TM (#20002001, #24000001). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. ![]() Received: Accepted: JPublished: August 20, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Kret et al. PLoS ONE 9(8):Įditor: Marina Pavlova, University of Tuebingen Medical School, Germany Humans' white sclera surrounding the iris, and the fine muscles around their eyes facilitate non-verbal communication via eye signals.Ĭitation: Kret ME, Tomonaga M, Matsuzawa T (2014) Chimpanzees and Humans Mimic Pupil-Size of Conspecifics. Pupil-mimicry may be deeply-rooted, but probably gained importance from the point in human evolution where the morphology of our eyes became more prominent. Both species showed enhanced pupil-mimicry with members of their own species, with effects being strongest in humans and chimpanzee mothers. Pupillometry data was collected from human and chimpanzee subjects while they observed images of the eyes of both species with dilating/constricting pupils. to promote swift communication of inner states and facilitate shared understanding and coordination, pupil-mimicry should emerge within but not across species. We conjectured that if pupil-mimicry has adaptive value, e.g. Here we tested whether pupil-mimicry exists in our closest relative, the chimpanzee ( P. In humans, pupil-size tends to mimic that of the observed. Humans attend to other's eyes and from gaze and pupil-size cues, infer information about the state of mind of the observed. To avoid incredulity and betrayal and allow trust and cooperation, individuals must understand the intentions and emotions of their group members. ![]() Group-living typically provides benefits to individual group members but also confers costs. ![]()
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